Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE, cilt.154, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Thermal energy storage is an important technology to conserve and use energy efficiently. One of the important advantages of this storage method is its suitability for heating and cooling such as ground heat storage systems, solar pumps application in space heating/cooling, absorption refrigeration systems, flat-plate solar collector applications, photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar applications. In this study, the results of experimental measurements and calculations performed under certain characteristic conditions are presented for a heating system. This system mentioned here was designed to produce low-temperature (10 degrees C-80 degrees C) heat, to transfer the heat to a thermal energy storage unit, to store and to supply hot water for domestic use. The effects of circulation pump flow rate and domestic water flow rate on the sensible heat charge-storage-discharge cycle of nanofluid (Al2O3H2O), water, heat transfer oil and glycerine were comparatively evaluated for the cases when the energy load were both met and unmet by the energy source. During the sensible heat charge-storage period, the highest temperature distributions in the thermal energy storage unit came along in case of the usage of nanofluid, on the contrary, the lowest temperature distributions did in case of the usage of heat transfer oil. The use of nanofluids, compared to water, made a positive contribution to thermal energy storage at both pump flow rates of 2.1 L/min. The highest thermal energy storage capacity was observed when nanofluid was the thermal energy storage material in the experiments (92.79%). Water, glycerine and heat transfer oil was ranked respectively when the thermal energy storage capacity was the point. During the discharge period of the thermal energy storage unit, the most affected by changes in domestic flow rate was water. As the domestic water flow rate decreases, the nanofluid becomes more advantageous than water in terms of heat extraction from the storage unit. At high domestic water flow rates, water (2.4 L/min) gave better results, whereas at low domestic water flow rates, the nanofluid (1.2 L/min) has performed better. In addition to these findings, as can be easily seen from the relevant figures in the paper, each thermal energy storage material was not equally affected by the same amount of increase in the given flow rates. When the energy loads were compensated by the energy sources, during the charge-storage-discharge cycle at variable pump and domestic hot water flow rates, nanofluid and water were far more superior than heat transfer oil and glycerine in terms of domestic hot water outlet temperatures. In other words, they outperformanced when the energy loads were compensated by the energy sources and during the cycles at variable pump and domestic hot water flow rates. For each set of experiments carried out under specific characteristic conditions, an uncertainty analysis was performed, and the highest uncertainty value, 16.78%, was determined during the charge-storage-discharge period when the energy source and the load were matched.