Investigation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Long-Term Used Drugs and In Vitro Interaction with Antimicrobial Agents Uzun Süreli Kullanılan İlaçların Antimikrobiyal Etkisinin ve Antimikrobiyal Ajanlar ile İn Vitro Etkileşiminin Araştırılması
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, cilt.59, sa.3, ss.269-291, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus, TRDizin)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 59 Sayı: 3
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.5578/mb.202503165
- Dergi Adı: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.269-291
- Anahtar Kelimeler: antimicrobial activity, Atorvastatin, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, metoprolol, propronolol, rosuvastatin
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Trakya Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
People with chronic diseases have to use medication regularly and for a long time. Antimicrobial agents may be used concominantly together with these drugs. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects and interactions of frequently used drugs in chronic conditions when combined with other antimicrobial agents. The selected drugs included atorvastatin and rosuvastatin (statins), metoprolol and propranolol (beta-blockers) and lansoprazole and esomeprazole (proton pump inhibitors). In our study, standard microorganisms and resistant isolates in the culture collection obtained from the department of microbiology were studied. The antimicrobial activity of the drugs was determined using the microdilution method, while their combined effects with antibiotics were assessed using the checkerboard method. Our study showed that combining certain medications with antibiotics significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (ampicillin MIC for Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin MIC for Enterococcus faecalis, ciprofloxacin MIC for Escherichia coli, imipenem MIC for Klebsiella pneumoniae, meropenem MIC for Acinetobacter baumannii, gentamicin MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In the presence of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, MIC values of antibiotics against resistant S.aureus, E.faecalis, A.baumannii and K.pneumoniae isolates decreased by 4-fold or more. For the same agents, in resistant P.aeruginosa isolates, gentamicin MIC values was reduced by 2-64 fold and ciprofloxacin MICs for ciprofloxacin-resistant E.coli isolates decreased by 8-fold and 2-fold, respectively. When antibiotics were combined with propranolol, MIC values decreased by 64-fold for resistant E.faecalis and K.pneumoniae isolates, 2-64 fold for resistant S.aureus, and 4-64 fold and 2-64 fold for resistant P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii isolates, respectively. Ciprofloxacin’s MIC value for resistant E.coli isolates decreased by 2-4 fold. Similarly, the combination of metoprolol with antibiotics reduced MIC values by 64-fold for resistant P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii and E.faecalis isolates and by 2-64 fold and 32-64 fold for resistant S.aureus and K.pneumoniae isolates, respectively. However, for resistant E.coli isolates, ciprofloxacin MIC value only decreased by 2-fold with metoprolol. Combining antibiotics with lansoprazole or esomeprazole reduced MIC values significantly. For resistant A.baumannii, meropenem MIC values decreased by 32-64 and 2-64 fold, respectively. Ampicillin’s MIC value for S.aureus decreased by 2-64 and 32-64 fold, imipenem MICs for K.pneumoniae by 2-64 fold, and ciprofloxacin MIC values for E.coli by 2-4 and 2-fold. For resistant P.aeruginosa isolates, the MIC of antibiotics decreased by 64-fold when combined with lansoprazole and by 2-64 fold when combined with esomeprazole. Additive effects were observed for S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, K.pneumoniae, A.baumannii, and E.faecalis resistant isolates when antibiotics were combined with these drugs. Notably, synergistic effects were observed in three resistant E.coli isolates. Propranolol concentrations that exhibited synergistic effects in the presence of 0.01 μg/mL ciprofloxacin ranged from 32 to 64 μg/mL. As a result, it was concluded that the synergistic or antagonistic effects of the drugs used in antimicrobial treatments for patients using long-term medications due to chronic diseases and the results of these effects on the inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobial agents used in the treatment should be evaluated. In addition, it is thought that the drugs used in chronic diseases may play a potential role in the treatment of resistant bacterial infections and new approaches to treatment can be developed by investigating the susceptibility of these drugs, alone and in combination with antimicrobial agents.