HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT NON-NEWTONIAN NANO AND HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE UNDER CONSTANT HEAT FLUX

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Özgür D.

Journal of the Technical University of Gabrovo, cilt.72, sa.1, ss.34-38, 2026 (Hakemli Dergi)

• Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
• Cilt numarası: 72 Sayı: 1
• Basım Tarihi: 2026
• Doi Numarası: 10.62853/mubg8779
• Dergi Adı: Journal of the Technical University of Gabrovo
• Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Other Indexes
• Sayfa Sayıları: ss.34-38
• Trakya Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study investigates the thermal and flow characteristics of fully developed turbulent non-Newtonian (power-law type) nano and hybrid nanofluids flowing through a horizontal pipe under constant heat flux. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution is used as the base fluid, while Al₂O₃, CuO and hybrid (Al₂O₃+CuO) nanoparticles are employed as additives. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and solved under steady-state and axisymmetric assumptions. Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance ratio (TPR) are analyzed. Results show that hybrid nanofluids provide approximately %15–20 higher heat transfer enhancement compared to mono nanofluids, while the increase in friction factor remains moderate. The optimum particle volume fraction is found to be around φ≈%2.5. This study demonstrates that hybrid nanofluids in non-Newtonian matrices are efficient alternatives for improving convective heat transfer in turbulent flow systems.