Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, cilt.14, sa.23, ss.30845-30856, 2024 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) on the membrane process as a pre-treatment in the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape pomace (GP) by ultrafiltration (UF). For this purpose, US was applied to the GP for different application times ranging from 4 to 10 min at 75% amplitude before UF with a 10-kDa polyethersulfone membrane. The effectiveness of the US pre-treatment applied to the feed was evaluated based on permeate flux behaviour, weight reduction factor, fouling index, cleaning efficiency, and rejection factor of phenolic compounds. The results showed that 8 min US pre-treatment was statistically (p < 0.05) effective in changing the bioactive compounds of GP. The initial permeate flux value in UF decreased as the total phenolic content (TPC) concentration of the feed increased. The greatest decrease in total permeate flux (65.9%) was obtained in the 4 min US pre-treated feed, and the lowest total permeate flux decrease (59.5%) was determined in the 8 min US pre-treated feed. The UF performed with the 8 min US pre-treated GP gave the highest fouling index (92.24%), the lowest cleaning efficiency (83.53%), and the lowest weight reduction factor (1.79). However, the mass balance showed that in the UF performed with the feed pre-treated for 8 min US, more TPC (1504.62 mg) and antioxidant components (15.21 mmol) were retained in the retentate. These results suggest that US pre-treatment may be an effective application for concentrating bioactive compounds from GP using UF to increase the amount of compounds in the retentate. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)